Cat Eat Currly Ribbon

Il Ginseng: principe della Farmacologia Tradizionale Cinese - Indicazioni e controindicazioni

Ciò che chiamiamo Ginseng è una droga costituita dalle radici disseccate di Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.

Descrizione caratteri . Odore tenue e caratteristico, sapore leggermente piccante, amarognolo at first, then sweet and slightly mucilaginous. The roots, spindle-shaped, are long in general from 3.5 cm to 20 cm, from 0.5 to 2.5 cm thick at the top and rastemate downwards, often curved at the end. The upper part has frequently two or more branches. Top notes are a waste of gem-shaped heads with scars anulari.La bark, up to 3 mm thick, is brown chiarotendente to yellow or yellow-white. The root surface is covered with longitudinal roughness and, in the upper zone, you notice more or less marked transverse rings. The root eduro and crumbly, with no fibrous section of yellow-white powder. There is observed change ring yellow-brown.

This fleshy root, spicy, shaped like a man built on the legs, comes a perennial plant belonging to Araliaceae. It is grown in mountainous and forested regions of northern China, Manchuria and Korea. The virtues of ginseng have been reported since the fifth century AD C., in writings and legends received today. The Europeans discovered the use of ginseng, towards the end of 'the sixteenth century, thanks to the Jesuits living in China. The most famous Chinese doctors wrote whole books on the properties of this plant, including it in almost all of the remedies prescribed to overlords, avendo essa un prezzo troppo elevato per la maggior parte dei comuni mortali. Asserivano che era un assolutamente indicato per l’astenia causata da un eccesso di lavoro fisico e psichico, che dissolveva il flegma, guariva l’affaticamento dei polmoni e la pleurite, aiutava la digestione, rinforzava il sangue e infine prolungava la vita agli anziani. D’altra parte non si può immaginare che che i Cinesi e i Tartari facessero un così grande uso di questa radice, se non fosse stata in grado di produrre costantemente effetti positivi. Per quanto mi riguarda, io sono persuaso che nelle mani degli Europei, che comprendono la farmacologia, essa sarà un ottimo rimedio, se ne disporranno a sufficienza per compiere le sperimentazioni necessarie, to examine its nature through chemistry, and to be able to conveniently prescribe, depending on the nature of the disease for which it may reveal healing. "These days you can see how this little miracle has taken root around the world and as part Formula constituent of many medications, type species and even an aphrodisiac tonic.

Modern studies have shown an action of the components of ginseng on the central nervous system, where action-type show adaptogen, that modulate the state of excitement of central neurons in order to promote an optimal response to external and internal. For this reason, Ginseng enjoys fame anti-stress remedy and "exciting" nature, although in reality the manifestation of an effect risvegliante depends on the specific situation of those who hired him. As often happens in pharmacological studies on herbs, the effects of administration of root extract of ginseng have shown contradictory effects depending on the dose and the particular situation of the subject. It seems, however, found that taking ginseng has several important therapeutic effects:

• significantly increases the body's resistance to stress factors, including exposure to extreme temperatures

• improves response to insulin in diabetic patients with mild

• improves appetite

• increases resistance to fatigue

• relieves fatigue.

Indications and contraindications (Foster et al., 1992; Corradin et al., 2000; Bernini, 2002). The virtues of ginseng have been attributed to its saponin content of specifications - ginsenosides - they actually possess and cardiovascular tonic. However, the interesting parts of this root are numerous and can not be excluded that it is rather a combination of different effects to give the property address so special. If one considers the large circulation and the strong advertising push, one would think that everyone can benefit from the consumption of ginseng. In reality, however, there are clear indications and contraindications. Ginseng is good for people suffering from chronic fatigue who are anemic or assumptions. For example, a good remedy for postpartum and can prevent some of the post-partum depression. It is useful for diabetics for those in heavy work or in areas climatically disadvantaged, for athletes. It may be useful anche  per chi vive in situazioni di stress emozionale , ma con alcune cautele, dal momento che questi soggetti si trovano spesso in condizioni di continua sovreccitazione. Per quanto riguarda le controindicazioni,  in particolare non deve essere assunto dai soggetti affetti da ipertensione grave  (con valori sistolici maggiori di 180 mmHg), da chi soffre di ulcera duodenale e di insonnia grave. L’assunzione di dosi eccessive o da parte di soggetti che non presentino le indicazioni per l’uso può condurre a cefalea, insonnia, palpitazioni e aumento della pressione arteriosa. Nel corso di una terapia con Ginseng è inoltre preferibile non bere tè o caffè e non mangiare turnips, as these substances may increase the toxicity of grass. They also described actions with bleeding if antiplatelet therapy combined with anticoagulants. In protracted therapies can damage to your kidney function and, in children, promotes calcification by inhibiting the metaphyseal skeletal growth. Ginseng described addiction as well hypercorticism conditions with low levels of ACTH.

The Ginseng: prince of the Traditional Chinese Pharmacology - Indications and side effects

Description characters . Slim and characteristic odor, spicy taste slightly, bitterish to the beginning, then sweetish and slightly mucillaginoso. The roots, fusiformis, are long in general from 3,5 cms to 20 cms, thick from 0,5 to 2,5 cms in the superior part and rastemate downward you rarely bend not to the extremity. The superior part introduces of frequent two or more ramifications. Aloft a residue of gem is observed, to form of head with scars ring fingers.The bark, thick up to 3 mm, it is of brown color chiarotendente to the yellow or yellow-whitish. The surface of the root is covered by longitudinal wrinkledness and, in the superior zone, more marked transversal rings are noticed. The root èdura and friable, not fibrous with floury section of yellow-whitish color. It observes you a ring of the yellow-brown change.

This fleshy root, aromatic, from the similar form to an erect man on the legs, it derives a perennial plant, belonging to the Araliaceaes. You/he/she is cultivated in the mountainous and wooded regions of the north of China, in Manciuria and in Korea. The virtues of the ginseng are been described since the V century d. C., in the writings and in the legends reached to our days. The Europeans discovered the use of the Ginseng, toward the end of the XVI century, thanks to resident Jesuit fathers in China. The most famous Chinese physicians wrote whole volumes on the ownerships of this plant, including her/it in the almost totality of the remedies that prescribed to the great gentlemen having it a too elevated price for the greatest part of the deadly communes. They affirmed that it was absolutely a suitable for the astenia caused by an excess of physical and psychic job, that dissolved the flegma, it recovered the fatigue of the bellows and the pleurisy, it helped the digestion, it strengthened the blood and it finally prolonged the life to the elderly ones. On the other hand you/he/she cannot be imagined that that the Chinese and the Tartars made a so great use of this root, if you/he/she had not been able to constantly produce positive effects. As it regards me, I am convinced that in the hands of the Europeans, that understand the pharmacology, it will be a good remedy, they will prepare to sufficiency to complete the necessary experimentations, to examine its nature through the chemistry and to be able to suitably prescribe her/it, according to the nature of the illness for which it can be revealed curative." To our days you/he/she can be ascertained as this small miraculous root has completed the turn of the world and as belongs to the constitutive formula of a lot of medicines, kind type invigorating and also aphrodisiac.

Modern studies have underlined an action of the components of the Ginseng on the Central Nervous System, where they manifest an action type adattogeno, that is they modulate the state of excitement of the central neurons so that to favor an optimal answer to the external and inside stimuli. For this reason the Ginseng enjoys fame of remedy antistress and of "stimulating" natural, even if in reality the to be revealed of a waking up again effect depends on the specific situation of whom assumes him/it. As it often happens in the pharmacological studies on the grass, the effects of the administration of extract of the root of Ginseng have shown contradictory effects according to the dose and of the particular situation of the subject. It seems however verified that the assumption of Ginseng has some important therapeutic effects:

    * it increases notably the resistances of the organism to the factors of stress, included the temperatures exposure environmental extreme

    * it improves the answer to the insuline in patient affections from diabetes of light degree

    * it improves the appetite

    * it increases the resistance to the work

    * it assuages the tiredness.

Indications and side effects (Foster et to the., 1992; Corradin et to the., 2000; Bernini 2002). The virtues of the Ginseng are been attributed to its content of specific saponine - the ginsenosidis - that possiederebbero tonic and cardiovascular effects. Nevertheless the interesting components of this root are numerous and you/he/she cannot be excluded that I/you/he/she am rather a combination of different effects to confer to the remedy so particular ownership. If the wide diffusion and the strong advertising push it is considered, it would come to think that whoever can draw benefit from the consumption of Ginseng. In reality nevertheless they exist of the precise indications and of the side effects. The Ginseng is good for the people that suffer chronic distanchezza, that is anaemic or ipotese.
It is for instance a good remedy for the puerperio and it can prevent partly the depression post-partum. It is useful for the diabetics, for the one who makes heavy jobs or in uncomfortable environments climatically, for the sportsmen. You/he/she can be also useful for the one that alive in situations of emotional stress, but with some cautions, from the moment that these subjects are often found under conditions of continuous sovreccitazione. As it regards the side effects, particularly you/he/she must not be assume from the subjects affections from serious (with great systolic values of 180 mmHgs) hypertension, from who suffers from ulcer duodenale and of serious insomnia. The assumption of excessive doses or from subjects that don't introduce the indications for the use you/he/she can conduct to cefalea, insomnia, palpitations and increase of the arterial pressure.
During a therapy with Ginseng it is preferable not to drink tea or coffee besides and not to eat turnips, in how much these substances can increase the toxicity of the grass.Actions antiaggreganti is described besides with hemorrhages if combined with therapies anticoagulants. In the extended therapies it is able dannegiare the renal function and, in pediatric age, it favors the calcification metafisaria inhibiting the skeletal growth. Described dependences by Ginseng and also conditions of ipercorticismo with low levels of ACTH. 

by FMTodaro

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Disturbo Affettivo Stagionale

I the seasonal affective disorder is a disorder of mood triggered by the change of season or perhaps more specifically, dall'accorciamento of days that occurs in autumn and winter.

A from September to March than SAD sufferers are unable to adapt their physiological rhythms with the decreased exposure to daylight and become, first and only physically then psychologically, distressed and disturbed.

A ow many specialists believe that the symptoms of depression associated with SAD are due to a change in the circadian rhythm, caused by a biological dysfunction - a reaction to the darkest days and short autumn and winter.

P ince is the pineal gland che reagisce alla luce e la sua secrezione di melatonina è un fattore chiave della regolazione del ciclo circadiano e di quelli a esso correlati, la ricerca sul SAD si sta concentrando sulla fondamentale interazione tra luce, melatonina e altri ritmi variabili che regolano la concentrazione delle sostanze chimiche dell'organismo.  
 
I l SAD colpisce circa una alta percentuale della popolazione ed è tre volte più probabile nelle donne rispetto agli uomini. L a vita femminile è più soggetta ai cicli biologici (come quello mestruale) than men, so it is easier for women to be exposed to the adverse effects of a disorder in their biological rhythms.

P s far since the days of Hippocrates, doctors have observed a seasonal change in mood, the SAD has not been officially recognized as a disorder of tone and 'spirits up in the early eighties.

I the Dr. Norman E. Rosenthal, a researcher at the National Institutes of Health, was the first to identify SAD and to establish a link between a particular type of behavior and the onset of winter.

S ccording to the Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Worth Disorders, the official guide to psychiatric disorders, there are some specific criteria for the diagnosis of SAD :

1. There is always a correspondence between the onset of major depressive episodes and a special year.

2. The individual experiences a complete remission or mitigation of depression at any one time of year.

3. Over the past two years, there have been two major depressive episodes that demonstrate the link between the episode and the season, while there has been no incident outside of that time.

4. During the life of the individual, the observed seasonal depressive episodes outnumber non-seasonal.

U no predominant aspect of SAD is the seasonal change in dietary habits, usually characterized by an increase in appetite, which causes a strong desire to carbohydrates.

D the usual, most of us change the diet during the colder months, eating more hot foods, and reducing consumption of salad and fruit, because of the limited variety of fresh produce available.

D the itself this is not something particularly significant, but in people with SAD, dietary changes are related to mood, more specifically . During the winter months, they reported an increased consumption of bread, pasta, pastries, potatoes, chocolate and candy. The consumption of caffeinated beverages is growing substantially.

Q hen was asked these patients to choose foods of this type, the reason given was never hungry, but the desire to combat stress, anxiety or mental fatigue.

D opo ate, in fact, the majority of SAD patients reported feeling more calm and clear mind.

Q T his fact has a base fisiologica. Sembra che i cibi ricchi di carboidrati accelerino la produzione di serotonina, un agente prodotto dalla pineale che funziona da neurotrasmettitore cerebrale.  
L a setotonina è anche un precursore della melatonina , il che significa che, quando il corpo lo richiede, viene convertito in melatonina .  
 
S i crede che la serotonina svolga un ruolo importante nell'alleviare certe forme di depression, and that the transmitter acts as fluoxetine, an antidepressant of the most popular and effective.

I nsieme intense cravings for carbohydrates, patients with seasonal affective disorder have a number of other symptoms.

T etween 1981 and 1985, the National Institute of Mental Health has reviewed more than fifteen hundred cases and has developed a statistical profile of the disorder.

Among other things, these data have emerged:

1. 96% of SAD patients reported being less active in winter.

2. 94% stated that during the winter months there are problems in interpersonal relationships with spouses, lovers, family members, friends and colleagues.

3. During the winter months 96% of patients with SAD experienced feelings of sadness, 84% suffered from anxiety and 79% reported increased irritability.

4. 88% said they had difficulty at work.

5. In these patients has shown increased appetite and a general change in body weight. More than seven out of ten patients showed a weight gain.

6. More than six out of ten patients reported decreased sexual drive.

7. Some patients have found that symptoms of depression have improved in an extraordinary way at the time of travel brought them near the equator, where the duration of day and night are equal.

M hile some of the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder also appear in other forms of depression, the particular combination of lethargy, anxiety, irritability, and changes delle abitudini alimentari con cui il paziente tenta di fronteggiare i cambiamenti stagionali rappresenta un disturbo specifico. E chiaro che il SAD è provocato dall'incepparsi della ciclicità dei livelli degli ormoni e di altri composti chimici che governano il ciclo circadiano, per il cui mantenimento l'esposizione alla luce è fondamentale.  
 
S i sta ancora indagando per scoprire esattamente come e perché questa interruzione dei cicli biologici avvenga in alcune persone e non in altre.  
 
C ome I said before, most of our body functions, including physical activity, sleep , feeding, drinking and maintenance of body temperature , follows the circadian rhythm.

A ltrettanto also applies to the cyclical pattern of blood levels of key hormones and enzymes, which can profoundly affect the mood. The control of these rhythms is largely a function of time when we are exposed to the light and the duration of such exposure.

The researchers are now exploring the relationship between the various symptoms of depression is known that they are related to fluctuations in the levels of compounds chemicals in the body, and more particularly the melatonin.

The role of melatonin

A lthough the cause of the affective disorder of depression vacation is not known, the research conducted so far suggest that SAD is triggered by a disturbance of the seasonal cycle of melatonin , leading to an imbalance in the circadian cycle.

N she majority of patients with SAD, melatonin levels do not exhibit the normal fluttuazioninotturne. Under normal conditions, blood levels of this molecule is expected to peak around 2 am, and then decreased.

E 'was found in patients with SAD, however, melatonin levels remain high for about two hours longer than normal, before beginning to decline.

is been well documented that, when the levels of melatonin are abnormal (too high or too low), symptoms may occur related to mental disorders. For example, recent studies have shown that levels melatonin are too high in people with manic disorders (which are subject to extreme changes in mood), while abnormally low in people suffering from depression .
In depression fact there is a 'melatonin-deficiency syndrome' , characterized by low blood levels of this molecule and disorders of circadian rhythms that regulate the production of stress hormones.

C omunque, it seems that the irregular production of melatonin is only one of the mechanisms that produce the main symptoms of SAD.

At this point it is unclear whether the melatonin is directly responsible of seasonal affective disorder, or if the anomalies detected in the secretion of this molecule are simply a by-product or a sign of the disease.